Millennials inside the Civil War of Barack Obama, without the historical base of knowledge the Millennials have taken the bait and have helped Barack Obama destroy the United States of America. The Civil War Inside the United States Political Spectrum. Each Department of the United States has been appointed by President Barack Hussein Obama and conforms to the rules made by Obama and not the laws established by the people through Congress. This Administrative Dictatorship allows the radical Barack Obama to control every aspect of your life and the life of your children and grand-children. Administrative Controls - Executive Orders - The Ending of America and the Secrets of the Dastardly Barack Obama Administration;
Obama Clinton Holder 912 Tea Party Project, Negro, One World Order, New World Government, ObamaCare, Iran, ISIS,FEMA, Iraq, Syria, Benghazi, ObamaCare, Barack Hussein Obama, IRS, NSA, CIA, DOD, ATFE, FBI, DHS, ICE, BLM,RETRO, MYSTIC, DOJ, HHS, Affordable Care Act, Politics, Tea Party,Hillary Rodam Clinton, War, Revolution, Constitution, Constitution, Bill of Rights, Tea Party Community, Tea Party Revolution, Tea Party Patriots, History, Historical Documents, Shadow Government, KORAN, Islam,
These are the Administrative Departments
of the Barack Obama Administrative State
operate outside of the laws of Congress
Commonly Used Agency Acronyms
ABMC AMERICAN BATTLE MONUMENTS COMMISSION
ACF ADMINISTRATION OF CHILDREN AND FAMILIES
ACFR ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER
ADF AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION
AFRH ARMED FORCES RETIREMENT HOME
AHRQ AGENCY FOR HEALTHCARE RESEARCH AND QUALITY
AID AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
AMC ANTITRUST MODERNIZATION COMMISSION
AMS AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE
AOA ADMINISTRATION ON AGING
APHIS ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE
APPAL APPALACHIAN STATES LOW LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE COMMISSION
ARCTIC ARCTIC RESEARCH COMMISSION
ARS AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE
ARTS NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND THE HUMANITIES
ATBCB ARCHITECTURAL AND TRANSPORTATION BARRIERS COMPLIANCE BOARD
ATF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES BUREAU
ATSDR AGENCY FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND DISEASE REGISTRY
BBG BROADCASTING BOARD OF GOVERNORS
BGSEEF BARRY M. GOLDWATER SCHOLARSHIP AND EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION
FOUNDATION
BIA BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS
BIS BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY
BLM BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT
BLS BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
BOP FEDERAL PRISONS BUREAU
BOR BUREAU OF RECLAMATION
BPA BONNEVILLE POWER ADMINISTRATION
BPD BUREAU OF PUBLIC DEBT
CCC COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION
CCJJDP COORDINATING COUNCIL ON JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY
PREVENTION
CDC CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
CDFI COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FUND
CEQ COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
CFTC COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSIONCIA CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
CITA COMMITTEE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TEXTILE AGREEMENTS
CMS CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES
CNCS CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE
COE CORPS OF ENGINEERS
COFA COMMISSION OF FINE ARTS
COLC COPYRIGHT OFFICE, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
CORP CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE
CPPBSD COMMITTEE FOR PURCHASE FROM PEOPLE WHO ARE BLIND OR
SEVERELY DISABLED
CPSC CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION
CRB COPYRIGHT ROYALTY BOARD, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
CRC CIVIL RIGHTS COMMISSION
CSB CHEMICAL SAFETY AND HAZARD INVESTIGATION BOARD
CSEO CHILD SUPPORT ENFORCEMENT OFFICE
CSOSA COURT SERVICES AND OFFENDER SUPERVISION AGENCY FOR THE
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
CSREES COOPERATIVE STATE RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND EXTENSION SERVICE
DARS DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM
DC DENALI COMMISSION
DEA DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION
DEPO DISABILITY EMPLOYMENT POLICY OFFICE
DHS DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
DIA DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
DISA DEFENSE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AGENCY
DLA DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY
DNFSB DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD
DOC DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
DOD DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
DOE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
DOI DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
DOJ DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
DOL DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
DOS DEPARTMENT OF STATE
DOT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DRBC DELAWARE RIVER BASIN COMMISSION
EAB BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
EAC ELECTION ASSISTANCE COMMISSION
EBSA EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SECURITY ADMINISTRATION
ECAB EMPLOYEES' COMPENSATION APPEALS BOARD
ECSA ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS ADMINISTRATION
ED DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONEDA ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION
EEOC EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION
EERE ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY OFFICE
EIA ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION
EIB EXPORT IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES
EOA ENERGY OFFICE, AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT
EOIR EXECUTIVE OFFICE FOR IMMIGRATION REVIEW
EOP EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ERS ECONOMIC RESEARCH SERVICE
ESA EMPLOYMENT STANDARDS ADMINISTRATION
ETA EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION
FAA FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION
FAR FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION
FAS FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL SERVICE
FASAB FEDERAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADVISORY BOARD
FBI FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
FCA FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION
FCC FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
FCIC FEDERAL CROP INSURANCE CORPORATION
FCSIC FARM CREDIT SYSTEM INSURANCE CORPORATION
FDA FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION
FDIC FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION
FEC FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION
FEMA FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
FERC FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION
FFIEC FEDERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS EXAMINATION COUNCIL
FHFA FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY
FHFB FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE BOARD
FHWA FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
FINCEN FINANCIAL CRIMES ENFORCEMENT NETWORK
FINCIC FINANCIAL CRISIS INQUIRY COMMISSION
FISCAL FISCAL SERVICE
FLETC FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT TRAINING CENTER
FLRA FEDERAL LABOR RELATIONS AUTHORITY
FMC FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION
FMCS FEDERAL MEDIATION AND CONCILIATION SERVICE
FMCSA FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
FNS FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE
FPPO FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY OFFICE
FR OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER
FRA FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATIONFRS FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM
FRTIB FEDERAL RETIREMENT THRIFT INVESTMENT BOARD
FS FOREST SERVICE
FSA FARM SERVICE AGENCY
FSIS FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE
FTA FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION
FTC FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION
FTZB FOREIGN TRADE ZONES BOARD
FWS FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
GAO GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE
GEO GOVERNMENT ETHICS OFFICE
GIPSA GRAIN INSPECTION, PACKERS AND STOCKYARDS ADMINISTRATION
GPO GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
GSA GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION
HHS DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
HHSIG INSPECTOR GENERAL OFFICE, HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
DEPARTMENT
HOPE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE HOPE FOR HOMEOWNERS PROGRAM
HPAC HISTORIC PRESERVATION, ADVISORY COUNCIL
HRSA HEALTH RESOURCES AND SERVICES ADMINISTRATION
HST HARRY S. TRUMAN SCHOLARSHIP FOUNDATION
HUD DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT
IAF INTER AMERICAN FOUNDATION
ICEB IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOMS ENFORCEMENT BUREAU
IHS INDIAN HEALTH SERVICE
IIO INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT OFFICE
IRS INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE
ISOO INFORMATION SECURITY OVERSIGHT OFFICE
ITA INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION
ITC INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION
JBEA JOINT BOARD FOR ENROLLMENT OF ACTUARIES
LMSO LABOR MANAGEMENT STANDARDS OFFICE
LOC LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
LSC LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION
MARAD MARITIME ADMINISTRATION
MBDA MINORITY BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AGENCY
MCC MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE CORPORATION
MISS MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION
MKU MORRIS K. UDALL SCHOLARSHIP AND EXCELLENCE IN NATIONAL
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY FOUNDATION
MMC MARINE MAMMALCOMMISSION
MMS MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICEMSHA MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION
MSHFRC FEDERAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION
MSPB MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD
NARA NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION
NASA NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
NASS NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS SERVICE
NCD NATIONAL COUNCIL ON DISABILITY
NCLIS NATIONAL COMMISSION ON LIBRARIES AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
NCPPCC NATIONAL CRIME PREVENTION AND PRIVACY COMPACT COUNCIL
NCS NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
NCUA NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION
NEC NATIONAL ECONOMIC COUNCIL
NEIGHBOR NEIGHBORHOOD REINVESTMENT CORPORATION
NHTSA NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
NIFA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
NIGC NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION
NIH NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH
NIL NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR LITERACY
NIST NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY
NLRB NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
NMB NATIONAL MEDIATION BOARD
NNSA NATIONAL NUCLEAR SECURITY ADMINISTRATION
NOAA NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION
NPREC NATIONAL PRISON RAPE ELIMINATION COMMISSION
NPS NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
NRC NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
NRCS NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
NSA NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY/CENTRAL SECURITY SERVICE
NSF NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
NTIA NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION
ADMINISTRATION
NTSB NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD
NWTRB NUCLEAR WASTE TECHNICAL REVIEW BOARD
OCC COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY
ODNI OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE
OEPNU OFFICE OF ENERGY POLICY AND NEW USES
OFAC OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL
OFCCP OFFICE OF FEDERAL CONTRACT COMPLIANCE PROGRAMS
OFHEO FEDERAL HOUSING ENTERPRISE OVERSIGHT OFFICE
OFPP OFFICE OF FEDERAL PROCUREMENT POLICY
OJJDP JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION OFFICE
OJP JUSTICE PROGRAMS OFFICEOMB OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
ONDCP OFFICE OF NATIONAL DRUG CONTROL POLICY
ONHIR OFFICE OF NAVAJO AND HOPI INDIAN RELOCATION
OPIC OVERSEAS PRIVATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION
OPM OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
OPPM OFFICE OF PROCUREMENT AND POLICY MANAGEMENT
OSC OFFICE OF SPECIAL COUNSEL
OSHA OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION
OSHRC OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION
OSM OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT
OSTP OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
OTS OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION
PACIFIC PACIFIC NORTHWEST ELECTRIC POWER AND CONSERVATION PLANNING
COUNCIL
PBGC PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION
PC PEACE CORPS
PHMSA PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
PHS PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
PRC POSTAL RATE COMMISSION
PRES PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS
PT PRESIDIO TRUST
PTO PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
RATB RECOVERY ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY BOARD
RBS RURAL BUSINESS COOPERATIVE SERVICE
RHS RURAL HOUSING SERVICE
RISC REGULATORY INFORMATION SERVICE CENTER
RITA RESEARCH AND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATION
RMA RISK MANAGEMENT AGENCY
RRB RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD
RTB RURAL TELEPHONE BANK
RUS RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE
SAMHSA SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES ADMINISTRATION
SBA SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
SEC SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
SIGIR SPECIAL INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR IRAQ RECONSTRUCTION
SJI STATE JUSTICE INSTITUTE
SLSDC SAINT LAWRENCE SEAWAY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
SRBC SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN COMMISSION
SSA SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION
SSS SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM
STB SURFACE TRANSPORTATION BOARD
SWPA SOUTHWESTERN POWER ADMINISTRATIONTA TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATION
TREAS DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
TSA TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION
TTB ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU
TVA TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
URMCC UTAH RECLAMATION MITIGATION AND CONSERVATION COMMISSION
USA ARMY DEPARTMENT
USAF AIR FORCE DEPARTMENT
USBC BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
USCBP CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION BUREAU
USCC U.S. CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY REVIEW COMMISSION
USCG COAST GUARD
USCIS U.S. CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION SERVICES
USDA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
USEIB EXPORT IMPORT BANK
USIP UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE
USJC JUDICIAL CONFERENCE OF THE UNITED STATES
USMINT UNITED STATES MINT
USN NAVY DEPARTMENT
USPC PAROLE COMMISSION
USPS POSTAL SERVICE
USSC UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION
USSS SECRET SERVICE
USTR OFFICE OF UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE
USUHS UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIVERSITY OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES
VA DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS
VCNP VALLES CALDERA TRUST
VETS VETERANS EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING SERVICE
WAPA WESTERN AREA POWER ADMINISTRATION
WCPO WORKERS COMPENSATION PROGRAMS OFFICE
WHD WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION
The Obama Crime Wave The Tea Party United Against Barack Obama
The Game of Government Corruption and Barack Obama
Boycott List for Tea Party Members
Millennials in Adulthood
Detached from Institutions, Networked with Friends
The Millennial generation is forging a distinctive path into adulthood. Now ranging in age from 18 to 331, they are relatively unattached to organized politics and religion, linked by social media, burdened by debt, distrustful of people, in no rush to marry— and optimistic about the future.
They are also America’s most racially diverse generation. In all of these dimensions, they are different from today’s older generations. And in many, they are also different from older adults back when they were the age Millennials are now.
Pew Research Center surveys show that half of Millennials (50%) now describe themselves as political independents and about three-in-ten (29%) say they are not affiliated with any religion. These are at or near the highest levels of political and religious disaffiliation recorded for any generation in the quarter-century that the Pew Research Center has been polling on these topics.
At the same time, however, Millennials stand out for voting heavily Democratic and for liberal views on many political and social issues, ranging from a belief in an activist government to support for same-sex marriage and marijuana legalization. (For more on these views, see Chapters 1 and 2.)
These findings are based on a new Pew Research Center survey conductedFeb. 14-23, 2014 among 1,821 adults nationwide, including 617 Millennial adults, and analysis of other Pew Research Center surveys conducted between 1990 and 2014.
Millennials have also been keeping their distance from another core institution of society—marriage. Just 26% of this generation is married. When they were the age that Millennials are now, 36% of Generation X, 48% of Baby Boomers and 65% of the members of the Silent Generation were married. (See box on page 10 for demographic portraits of America’s four adult generations). Most unmarried Millennials (69%) say they would like to marry, but many, especially those with lower levels of income and education, lack what they deem to be a necessary prerequisite—a solid economic foundation.2
Digital Natives
Adults of all ages have become less attached to political and religious institutions in the past decade, but Millennials are at the leading edge of this social phenomenon. They have also taken the lead in seizing on the new platforms of the digital era—the internet, mobile technology, social media—to construct personalized networks of friends, colleagues and affinity groups.3
They are “digital natives”—the only generation for which these new technologies are not something they’ve had to adapt to. Not surprisingly, they are the most avid users. For example, 81% of Millennials are on Facebook, where their generation’s median friend count is 250, far higher than that of older age groups (these digital generation gaps have narrowed somewhat in recent years).
Millennials are also distinctive in how they place themselves at the center of self-created digital networks. Fully 55% have posted a “selfie” on a social media site; no other generation is nearly as inclined to do this. Indeed, in the new Pew Research survey, only about six-in-ten Boomers and about a third of Silents say they know what a “selfie” (a photo taken of oneself) is—though the term had acquired enough cachet to be declared the Oxford Dictionaries “word of the year” in 2013.4
However, amidst their fervent embrace of all things digital, nine-in-ten Millennials say people generally share too much information about themselves online, a view held by similarly lopsided proportions of all older generations.
Racial Diversity
Millennials are the most racially diverse generation in American history, a trend driven by the large wave of Hispanic and Asian immigrants who have been coming to the U.S. for the past half century, and whose U.S.-born children are now aging into adulthood. In this realm, Millennials are a transitional generation. Some 43% of Millennial adults are non-white, the highest share of any generation. About half of newborns in America today are non-white, and the Census Bureau projects that the full U.S. population will be majority non-white sometime around 2043.
The racial makeup of today’s young adults is one of the key factors in explaining their political liberalism. But it is not the only factor. Across a range of political and ideological measures, white Millennials, while less liberal than the non-whites of their generation, are more liberal than the whites in older generations.
Low on Social Trust; Upbeat about the Nation’s Future
Millennials have emerged into adulthood with low levels of social trust. In response to a long-standing social science survey question, “Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or that you can’t be too careful in dealing with people,” just 19% of Millennials say most people can be trusted, compared with 31% of Gen Xers, 37% of Silents and 40% of Boomers.
Their racial diversity may partly explain Millennials’ low levels of social trust. A 2007 Pew Research Center analysis found that minorities and low-income adults had lower levels of social trust than other groups.5 Based on similar findings over many years from other surveys, sociologists have theorized that people who feel vulnerable or disadvantaged for whatever reason find it riskier to trust because they’re less well-fortified to deal with the consequences of misplaced trust.6
Despite this distrust of people and detachment from traditional institutions, Millennials are not out of step with older adults when it comes to their views about big business and the role of government. They are about as likely as their elders to have a favorable view of business, and they are more likely than older generations to say they support an activist government.
They are also somewhat more upbeat than older adults about America’s future, with 49% of Millennials saying the country’s best years are ahead, a view held by 42% of Gen Xers, 44% of Boomers and 39% of Silents.7
The relative optimism of today’s young adults stands in contrast to the views of Boomers when they were about the same age as Millennials are now. In a 1974 Gallup survey, only about half of adults under the age of 30 said they had “quite a lot” of confidence in America’s future, compared with seven-in-ten of those ages 30 and older.8
Boomers came of age in the late 1960s and 1970s, helping to lead the civil rights, women’s rights, anti-war and counter-cultural movements of that turbulent era. In 1972, the first presidential election in which large numbers of Boomers were eligible to vote, they skewed much more Democratic than their elders. But attitudes formed in early adulthood don’t always stay fixed. In the latest Pew Research survey, about half of all Boomers (53%) say their political views have grown more conservative as they have aged, while just 35% say they have grown more liberal.
Economic Hardships
Millennials are also the first in the modern era to have higher levels of student loan debt, poverty and unemployment, and lower levels of wealth and personal income than their two immediate predecessor generations (Gen Xers and Boomers) had at the same stage of their life cycles.9
Their difficult economic circumstances in part reflect the impact of the Great Recession (2007-2009) and in part the longer-term effects of globalization and rapid technological change on the American workforce. Median household income in the U.S. today remains below its 1999 peak, the longest stretch of stagnation in the modern era, and during that time income and wealth gaps have widened.
The timing of these macro-economic trends has been especially hard on older Millennials, many of whom were just entering the workforce in 2007 when the economy sank into a deep recession from which it has yet to fully recover.
Not surprisingly, the new Pew Research survey finds that about seven-in-ten Americans, spanning all generations, say that today’s young adults face more economic challenges than their elders did when they were first starting out.
At the same time, fully a third of older Millennials (ages 26 to 33) have a four-year college degree or more—making them the best-educated cohort of young adults in American history. Educational attainment is highly correlated with economic success, even more so for this generation than previous ones. In an increasingly knowledge-based economy, young adults today who do not advance beyond high school have been paying a much stiffer penalty—in terms of low wages and high unemployment—than their counterparts did one and two generations ago.10
However, the new generation of college graduates also have their own economic burdens. They are entering adulthood with record levels of student debt: Two-thirds of recent bachelor’s degree recipients have outstanding student loans, with an average debt of about $27,000. Two decades ago, only half of recent graduates had college debt, and the average was $15,000.11
The economic hardships of young adults may be one reason that so many have been slow to marry. The median age at first marriage is now the highest in modern history—29 for men and 27 for women. In contrast to the patterns of the past, when adults in all socio-economic groups married at roughly the same rate, marriage today is more prevalent among those with higher incomes and more education.
Perhaps because of their slow journey to marriage, Millennials lead all generations in the share of out-of-wedlock births. In 2012, 47% of births to women in the Millennial generation were non-marital, compared with 21% among older women. Some of this gap reflects a lifecycle effect—older women have always been less likely to give birth outside of marriage. But the gap is also driven by a shift in behaviors in recent decades. In 1996, when Gen Xers were about the same age that Millennials were in 2012, just 35% of births to that generation’s mothers were outside of marriage (compared with 15% among older women in 1996).12
Millennials join their elders in disapproving of this trend. About six-in-ten adults in all four generations say that more children being raised by a single parent is bad for society; this is the most negative evaluation by the public of any of the changes in family structure tested in the Pew Research survey (see Chapter 3).
Economic Optimism; Social Security Worries
Despite their financial burdens, Millennials are the nation’s most stubborn economic optimists. More than eight-in-ten say they either currently have enough money to lead the lives they want (32%) or expect to in the future (53%). No other cohort of adults is nearly as confident, though when Gen Xers were the age Millennials are now, they were equally upbeat about their own economic futures. Some of this optimism, therefore, may simply reflect the timeless confidence of youth.
The confidence of Millennials in their long-term economic prospects is even more notable in light of another finding from the latest Pew Research survey: Fully half of Millennials (51%) say they do not believe there will be any money for them in the Social Security system by the time they are ready to retire, and an additional 39% say the system will only be able to provide them with retirement benefits at reduced levels. Just 6% expect to receive Social Security benefits at levels enjoyed by current retirees.
About six-in-ten Millennials (61%) oppose benefit cuts as a way to address the long-term funding problems of Social Security, a view held by about seven-in-ten older adults. There is a much bigger generation gap, however, on the question of whether government should give higher priority to programs that benefit the young or the old. About half (53%) of Millennials say the young, compared with 36% of Gen Xers and just 28% each of Boomers and Silents.
Millennials Are Independent, But Vote Democratic
Not only do half of all Millennials choose not to identify with either political party, just 31% say there is a great deal of difference between the Republican and Democratic parties. More people in older generations, including 58% of Silents, say there are big differences between the parties.
Even so, this generation stood out in the past two presidential elections as strikingly Democratic. According to national exit polls, the young-old partisan voting gaps in 2008 and 2012 were among the largest in the modern era, with Millennials far more supportive than older generations of Barack Obama. As Obama’s approval ratings have declined in recent years, however, Millennials have joined older adults in lowering their assessments of the president.
Yet Millennials continue to view the Democratic Party more favorably than the Republican Party. And Millennials today are still the only generation in which liberals are not significantly outnumbered by conservatives.
Social and Religious Views
Millennials’ liberalism is apparent in their views on a range of social issues such as same-sex marriage, interracial marriage and marijuana legalization. In all of these realms, they are more liberal than their elders. However, on some other social issues—including abortion and gun control—the views of Millennials are not much different from those of older adults.
This generation’s religious views and behaviors are quite different from older age groups. Not only are they less likely than older generations to be affiliated with any religion, they are also less likely to say they believe in God. A solid majority still do—86%—but only 58% say they are “absolutely certain” that God exists, a lower share than among older adults, according to a 2012 survey by the Pew Research Center’s Religion & Public Life Project. But if past is prologue, these young adults may develop a stronger belief in God over the course of their lives, just as previous generations have.
Self-Identification
In response to a battery of questions in the latest Pew Research survey about how they think of themselves, Millennials are much less inclined than older adults to self-identify as either religious or patriotic.
For example, only about half (49%) of Millennials say the phrase “a patriotic person” describes them very well—with 35% saying this is a “perfect” description.13By contrast, 64% of Gen Xers, 75% of Boomers and 81% of Silents say this describes them very well. This gap may be due more to their age and stage in life than a characteristic of their generation. When Gen Xers were young, they too lagged behind their elders on this measure in a similarly worded question.14
Millennials are also somewhat less likely than older adults to describe themselves as environmentalists—just 32% say this describes them very well, compared with at least four-in-ten among all older generations.
On the other hand, they are far more likely to say they are supporters of gay rights—some 51% do so, compared with 37% of Gen Xers and about a third of older adults.
Millennials by Age and Race
As is the case within any generation, Millennials are not all alike. They are a diverse group with a myriad of views on many of the important issues of their time. Cultural arbiters have yet to determine how young the youngest Millennials are, or when the next generation begins. And some political analysts have suggested that older and younger Millennials may differ in terms of their political views and party allegiances.
But an analysis of Pew Research surveys conducted in 2014 shows that the shares of younger and older Millennials who identify with the Democratic Party are roughly comparable.
Younger and older Millennials also have similar assessments of the job Barack Obama is doing as president. According to Pew Research surveys taken in 2014, 50% of younger Millennials (ages 18 to 25) and 47% of older Millennials (26 to 33) approve of the way Obama is handling his job as president.
The political views of Millennials differ significantly across racial and ethnic lines. About half of white Millennials (51%) say they are political independents. The remainder divide between the Republican (24%) and Democratic (19%) parties. Among non-white Millennials, about as many (47%) say they are independent. But nearly twice as many (37%) identify as Democrats while just 9% identify as Republicans.
These partisan patterns are closely linked to views of Obama. While Millennials as a group are somewhat more approving of Obama than Gen Xers, Boomers or Silents, these differences are driven more by race and ethnicity than by age. White Millennials’ views of Obama are not substantially different from those of older whites. Some 34% of white Millennials approve of the job Obama is doing as president, compared with 33% of Gen Xers, 37% of Boomers and 28% of Silents. By contrast 67% of non-white Millennials give Obama high marks for the job he’s doing as president.
White and non-white Millennials have different views on the role of government as well. On balance, white Millennials say they would prefer a smaller government that provides fewer services (52%), rather than a bigger government that provides more services (39%). Non-white Millennials lean heavily toward a bigger government: 71% say they would prefer a bigger government that provides more services, while only 21% say they would prefer a smaller government. The racial gaps are about as wide among Gen Xers and Boomers.
The remainder of this report is organized in the following way. Chapter 1 looks at key political trends by generation, drawing on Pew Research data from the past decade or longer. The trends include party identification, political ideology, presidential approval and views of Congress. Chapter 2 looks at key policy issues by generation, including same-sex marriage, marijuana legalization, immigration, abortion, gun control, Social Security and the role of government. Chapter 3 looks at economic attitudes, technology use, and views on major societal trends, all through the lens of generation. It also looks at how adults from different generations self-identify across a range of dimensions (religiosity, patriotism, environmentalism and gay rights).15
About the Data
Findings in this report are based primarily on data from Pew Research Center surveys.
- Much of the analysis comes from a new Pew Research telephone survey conducted Feb. 14-23, 2014 among a national sample of 1,821 adults, including an oversample of young adults ages 18 to 33. Interviews were conducted on landline telephones (481) and cell phones (1,340) under the direction of Princeton Survey Research Associates International. The margin of sampling error is plus or minus 2.6% for results based on the total sample at the 95% confidence level.
- Additional analysis is based on two Pew Research Center telephone surveys conducted Jan. 23-Feb. 9, 2014 and Feb. 12-26, 2014 among national samples of adults. For both surveys, interviews were conducted on landline telephones (1671/1671) and cell phones (1670/1667) under the direction of Abt SRBI. Each of the surveys has a margin of sampling error of plus or minus 2.0% for results based on the total sample at the 95% confidence level.
- Analysis of long-term Pew Research Center trends is based on pooled data from surveys conducted from 1990 through February 2014.
- This report focuses on Millennial adults. However, the youngest Millennials are in their teens and no chronological end point has been set for this group yet. ↩
- For more on changing views about marriage and family, see Pew Research Center, “The Decline of Marriage and Rise of New Families,” Nov. 18, 2010. ↩
- Rainie, Lee and Barry Wellman, 2012, “Networked: The New Social Operating System,” MIT Press, April. ↩
- Data were collected a week before the March 2 Academy Award telecast that featured a “selfie” that Host Ellen DeGeneres took with a group of movie stars. The record-breaking tweet got more than a million retweets in an hour and was widely covered in the traditional media. ↩
- See Pew Research Center, “Americans and Social Trust: Who, Where and Why,” February 22, 2007, Pew Research Center, “Trust and Citizen Engagement in Metropolitan Philadelphia: A Case Study,” April 18, 1997 and Smith, Sandra Susan, 2010. “Race and Trust,” Annual Review of Sociology, 36: 453-75. ↩
- See e.g., Paxton, Pamela. 2005. "Trust in Decline?" Contexts, 4(1): 40-46. Wuthnow, Robert, 1998. "The Foundations of Trust" Philosophy & Public Policy Quarterly, 18(3): 3-8. ↩
- A previously published version of this report cited results for a similar question from a November 2011 survey. This revised version includes results from a new February 2014 survey. The statement of findings in the report have not changed. For more on generations and views of the nation, see Pew Research Center, “The Generation Gap and the 2012 Election,” Nov. 3, 2011. ↩
- Gallup survey, March 29-April 1, 1974. Question: “How much confidence do you have in the future of the United States: quite a lot, some, very little, or none at all?” The oldest Boomer was 28 in 1974. ↩
- On other measures of economic well-being such as personal earnings and household income, Millennials do not appear to be doing worse—and in some cases are doing somewhat better—than earlier generations. See Pew Research Center, “The Rising Cost of Not Going to College,” February 11, 2014. ↩
- For more on higher education and economic outcomes, see Pew Research Center, “The Rising Cost of Not Going to College,” February 11, 2014. ↩
- Sandra Baum, “How much do students really pay for college?” Urban Institute, December 5, 2013. And National Center for Education Statistics, Degrees of Debt: Student Loan Repayment of Bachelor’s Degree Recipients 1 Year After Graduating: 1994, 2001, and 2009, NCES 2014-011, Washington, DC: NCES. ↩
- Data are from the National Center for Health Statistics. ↩
- Respondents were asked to rate how well each word or phrase described them on a scale of 1 to 10, where “10” represented a description that is perfect for the respondent, and “1” represented a description that is totally wrong for the respondent. In this analysis, responses ranging from 8 to 10 are interpreted as describing the respondent very well.↩
- In the 1999 survey, when Gen Xers were ages 19 to 34, the question asked how well “a patriot” described the respondent. ↩
- Topline results and complete descriptions of survey methodologies are available at http://www.pewresearch.org/ ↩
Boycott
List for Tea Party Members
Do
Your Research, Maybe you should Boycott These Brand Names, Tell your Tea Party
Friends, These are the brand name companies that are trying their best to
create a deal with the Obama government, open borders, more illegal aliens,
more cheap labor to replace the American Middle Class. Boycott These Companies;
The Cheesecake Factory, Inc. CVS Caremark Corporation Hallmark Cards, Inc.
McDonald's Corporation The Wendy's Company The Walt Disney Company The
Coca-Cola Company Johnson & Johnson American Express Company 21st Century
Fox Darden Restaurants, Inc (Olive Garden, Red Lobster, and others) Liberty
Mutual Group, Inc. Allstate Insurance Company Western Union Northwestern Mutual
American Airlines Inc. Motorola Solutions, Inc. The Procter Gamble Company
(wide range of well-known home and beauty brands) Newell Rubbermaid Inc.
AT&T Inc. T-Mobile USA, Inc. Caterpillar Inc. The ADT Corporation Pfizer
Inc. Hewlett-Packard Company HP United Parcel Service, Inc. UPS General
Electric Company GE Verizon Communications Inc. Pay your phone bill (one dollar
short) Marriott International, Inc. Stay somewhere else Hilton Worldwide Find
another room Hyatt Hotels Corporation Say no to Hyatt McCormick & Company,
Inc. Salt and Pepper Cisco Systems, Inc. A billionaire doesn't need you
anymore, let him sail off Quest Diagnostics Incorporated Eaton E.I. du Pont de
Nemours & Company BNSF Railway Company Shell Oil Company General Mills,
Inc. (many well-known food brands) Ingram Industries Inc. Kronos Incorporated
Ingersoll Rand Company General Parts Inc. Merck & Co., Inc. United
Technologies Corporation Harris Corporation Illinois Tool Works Inc. Sears
Holdings Corporation There is a reason that Sears and K-Mart is going broke USG
Corporation Archer Daniels Midland Company Destroy people that control your
food Johnson Controls, Inc. Lots of people make their stuff Ally Financial Inc.
US Foods Univar, Inc. Kiewit Corporation Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. Great
company really bad leadership W.W. Grainger, Inc. Too bad, no more money. Avery
Dennison Corporation Humana Inc. Novelis, Inc. The Williams Companies, Inc.
Avaya Inc. Computer Sciences Corporation Honeywell International Inc.
International Paper Company All they do is cut down trees, cut your cash flow
to them Dover Corporation Danaher Corporation TRW Automotive Analog Devices,
Inc. Ecolab, Inc. Avnet, Inc. White Lodging Corporation Coca-Cola Enterprises,
Inc. Simon Property Group Daikin McQuay Americas Continental Grain Company MSC
Industrial Direct Co., Inc. Hospira, Inc. Cigna Corporation The ServiceMaster
Company Automatic Data Processing, Inc. Bloomin' Brands Inc. Fiserv, Inc.
Carolinas HealthCare System SRA International Emerson Rockwell Automation, Inc.
Parker Hannifin Corporationm Saint-Gobain Corporation General Dynamics
Corporation A. O. Smith Corporation Praxair, Inc. HCA Inc. Eastman Chemical
Company ManpowerGroup Fifth Third Bank Pitney Bowes Inc. Express Scripts, Inc.
Cardinal Health, Inc. Aleris International, Inc. DTE Energy Company U.S. Steel
Corporation Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Corporation Cargill, Incorporated
Assurant, Inc. XL Global Services, Inc Texas Instruments Incorporated ATK WESCO
International
DHS,
ICE, CBP, TSA, IRS, NSA, FBI, CIA, ATF, AFTE, EPA, DOJ, FEMA, REX84, PRISM,
MARXIST, SOCIALIST, CPUSA, LENIN, PUTIN, COMMUNIST, HILLARY CLINTON, ERIC
HOLDER, PELOSI, REID, KERRY, CNN, ABC, CBS, NBC, MSNBC, FOX, NPR, CNBC, BOSTON
GLOBE, THE NEW YORK TIMES, THE LOS ANGELES TIMES, WALL STREET JOURNAL,
OBAMACARE, GARDEN PLOT, CABLE SPLICER, HITLER, STALIN, SANTA ANA, WILHELM,
SADDAM HUSSEIN, POL POT, LIBERAL, PROGRESSIVE, BARACK OBAMA, TYRANT,
DOMINATION, SATAN, USAMA BIN LADEN, GOD, ISLAMIC, MUSLIM, CALIPHATE, JIHADIST,
OBAMA SCANDALS, IRS, LOIS LERNER, EVIDENCE,
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