The History Truth Hillary Rodham Clinton - Hillary Clinton Progressives will do anything to get everything. They are misleading, deceiving and very unreliable. Communism is a social structure in which classes are abolished and property is commonly controlled, as well as a political philosophy and social movement that advocates and aims to create such a society. Hillary Clinton - Barack Obama - Bernie Sanders

Communism is a social structure in which classes are abolished and property is commonly controlled, as well as a political philosophy and social movement that advocates and aims to create such a society.

Hillary Clinton - Barack Obama - Bernie Sanders 

During the present political season I spend a lot of time at my typewriter which I’m convinced is the only one in America.  Don’t get me wrong I have several modern computers but its undeniable that my typewriter helps me form ideas and at times practically writes on its own.

The best weapons of this great political war we find ourselves in might just be the words on paper. 

Undoubtedly the savages we have sent to Washington D.C. have plans to ruin civilization as we know it.  Generally to acquire greater individual power and wealth our representatives plan to assassinate your individual rights and slaughter your personal wealth and take away your property rights.

This should certainly be enough to arose your passions but maybe you’re the quite type and need to learn about the next civil war in America. 

Miners dig for gold.  Politicians mine for power, influence and wealth.  As any herd of buffaloes will teach us they truly must roam together or they become less powerful and can quickly be exterminated.

Politicians are just like a herd of buffaloes that seem so tranquil as they roam around the hills and the valleys of America.  But when these same politicians close their doors the perpetual treachery, waste and even wars are started.

Washington D.C. and your representatives have invaded your constitutional rights, entered your bank accounts, monitored your communications and relationships and it seems we’ll simply be starved out or have to play cowboys and Indians.

I’m not even sure any more if you can type the word Indian without starting a verbal fist-fight.

Of all the Hillary Clinton scandals and cover-ups, none is more significant than her attempt to whitewash her own personal transformation from Goldwater girl to Marxist.

Hillary’s communist connections and emergence as a “budding Leninist” who “understood the Leninist concept of acquiring, accumulating and maintaining political power at any cost.”

Yale Law School in 1969, which was a hotbed of activity on behalf of the violently racist Black Panther organization. She writes that, “The world and its realities came crashing down on Yale in April 1970, when eight Black Panthers, including party leader Bobby Seale, were put on trial for murder in New Haven

Former sixties radical David Horowitz says that both Hillary Rodham and Bill Lann Lee, who later became President Clinton’s head of the U.S. Justice Department’s Civil Rights Division, helped organize the pro-Panther demonstrations at Yale.

The public record shows that Clinton worked for Robert Treuhaft, a member of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) and Harvard-trained lawyer for the party.

Karl Marx, the father of communist thought, posited that communism would be the final stage in society, which would be achieved through a proletarian revolution and only possible after a socialist stage develops the productive forces, leading to a superabundance of goods and services.

Obama is an organizer.  A revolutionary organizer that helps and supports groups that may help him or share his political views. He  is a person who either actively participates in, or advocates revolution through Liberal Hard Left Progressive Communist agenda items. He is a person that will say and do anything to promote his agenda.  He is a man that will agree with you to gain your trust, affection and love and then use the personal relationship as a working tool against you. The term revolutionary refers to something that has a major, sudden impact on society or on some aspect of human endeavor.

Obama believes in Social engineering is a discipline in political science that refers to efforts to influence popular attitudes and social behaviors on a large scale, whether by governments or private groups. In the political arena, the counterpart of social engineering is political engineering. Political engineering is a concept in political science that deals with the designing of political institutions in a society and often involves the use of paper decrees, in the form of laws, referendums, ordinances, or otherwise, to try and achieve some desired effect within a society. 

President Obama shields himself by concealing his communist work behind his screen of CZARS.  He holds back and continues to fail to speak the truth about major concerns.  He will suppress the truth by not telling the truth.

If certain facts do come to the attention of the public he disappears again behind false fronts, public spokesman or other main-stream media broadcast agents.

It is possible that Obama does in fact plan an event known as a coup, putsch, and overthrow— which is the sudden unconstitutional deposition of a government, usually by a small group of the existing state establishment.  Obama would look for a national or international emergency to overthrow the constitution of the United States for the public good.

"Pure communism" in the Marxian sense refers to a classless, stateless and oppression-free society where decisions on what to produce and what policies to pursue are made democratically, allowing every member of society to participate in the decision-making process in both the political and economic spheres of life.

In modern usage, communism is often used to refer to the policies of the various communist states which were authoritarian governments that had ownership of all the means of production and centrally planned economies. Most communist governments based their ideology on Marxism-Leninism.

As a political ideology, communism is usually considered to be a branch of socialism; a broad group of economic and political philosophies that draw on the various political and intellectual movements with origins in the work of theorists of the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution.

Communism attempts to offer an alternative to the problems with the capitalist market economy and the legacy of imperialism and nationalism.

Marx states that the only way to solve these problems is for the working class (proletariat), who according to Marx are the main producers of wealth in society and are exploited by the Capitalist-class (bourgeoisie), to replace the bourgeoisie as the ruling class in order to establish a free society, without class or racial divisions.

The cowboy and Indian rationalization seems to make sense to me.  We’re the cowboys with the white hats and the politicians and their supporters are the Indians that plan to undermine every ethical standard and kill every settler of the United States.

I was going to use the term red-man but I knew my publisher would toss it out and the government might be limiting food and energy to the people that use old fashioned thoughts and ideas.

Undoubtedly the Indian Savages want to kill every free citizen (Cowboy) living in the United States but they need more guns and ammunition.  The Indian Savages want to be treated like free men with good faith and humanity so they have created their own Indian Policy that takes stuff from you and kind of gives it to themselves.

White hat cowboys call this stealing but that does seem a little harsh. 

 The dominant forms of communism, such as Leninism, Stalinism, Maoism and Trotskyism are based on Marxism, as well as others forms of communism (such as Luxemburgism and Council communism), but non-Marxist versions of communism (such as Christian communism and Anarchist communism) also exist.

Karl Marx never provided a detailed description as to how communism would function as an economic system, but it is understood that a communist economy would consist of common ownership of the means of production, culminating in the negation of the concept of private ownership of capital, which referred to the means of production in Marxian terminology.

In economics, economic output is divided into physical goods and intangible services. Consumption of goods and services is assumed to produce utility. It is often used when referring to a Goods and Services Tax.

We satisfy our needs and wants by buying goods and services. Goods are items you can see and touch, such as a book, a pen,salt,shoes,hats, a folder etc. Services are provided for you by other people, such as; doctor,a lawn mower worker,a dentist, haircut and eating in restaurants.

A service is the intangible equivalent of a good. Service provision is often an economic activity where the buyer does not generally, except by exclusive contract, obtain exclusive ownership of the thing purchased. The benefits of such a service, if priced, are held to be self-evident in the buyers willingness to pay for it. Public services are those society pays for as a whole through taxes and other means.

By composing and orchestrating the appropriate level of resources, skill, ingenuity,and experience for effecting specific benefits for service consumers, service providers participate in an economy without the restrictions of carrying stock (inventory) or the need to concern themselves with bulky raw materials. On the other hand, their investment in expertise does require consistent service marketing and upgrading in the face of competition which has equally few physical restrictions. Many so-called services, however, require large physical structures and equipment, and consume large amounts of resources, such as transportation services and the military.

Progressives will do anything to get everything.  They are misleading, deceiving and very unreliable.  Progressives adopted prohibition to outlaw the drinking of alcohol not to help the drunken family man but to eliminate the powerful saloon lobby and power base.  Progressives fought for suffrage, the woman's right to vote, not for freedom and liberty but to assure that woman would vote for their progressive agenda.

The progressive agenda in the United States has caused great harm to millions of Americans.  Prohibition and the right for women to vote was the perfect storm combination for progressives. The political progressives would make laws to stop the drinking to help the women if the women could gain political power and vote for them, the progressives. 

Criminals were born and crime went wild by smuggling alcohol, running illegal speakeasy's (bars-saloons) and the age of  the gangster was born.

The consumption of alcohol stopped and women started to vote giving the progressive power structure more and more power.

Progressives quickly learned that a political favor created

political power. 

Providers of services make up the tertiary sector of the economy.

1. Intangiblity

Services are intangible and insubstantial: they cannot be touched, gripped, handled, looked at, smelled, tasted or heard. Thus, there is neither potential nor need for transport, storage or stocking of services. Furthermore, a service cannot be (re)sold or owned by somebody, neither can it be turned over from the service provider to the service consumer nor returned from the service consumer to the service provider. Solely, the service delivery can be commissioned to a service provider who must generate and render the service at the distinct request of an authorized service consumer.

2. Perishability

Services are perishable in two regards

The service relevant resources, processes and systems are assigned for service delivery during a definite period in time. If the designated or scheduled service consumer does not request and consume the service during this period, the service cannot be performed for him. From the perspective of the service provider, this is a lost business opportunity as he cannot charge any service delivery; potentially, he can assign the resources, processes and systems to another service consumer who requests a service. Examples: The hair dresser serves another client when the scheduled starting time or time slot is over. An empty seat on a plane never can be utilized and charged after departure.

When the service has been completely rendered to the requesting service consumer, this particular service irreversibly vanishes as it has been consumed by the service consumer. Example: the passenger has been transported to the destination and cannot be transported again to this location at this point in time.

3. Inseparability

The service provider is indispensable for service delivery as he must promptly generate and render the service to the requesting service consumer. In many cases the service delivery is executed automatically but the service provider must preparatorily assign resources and systems and actively keep up appropriate service delivery readiness and capabilities. Additionally, the service consumer is inseparable from service delivery because he is involved in it from requesting it up to consuming the rendered benefits. Examples: The service consumer must sit in the hair dresser's shop & chair or in the plane & seat; correspondingly, the hair dresser or the pilot must be in the same shop or plane, respectively, for delivering the service.

4. Simultaneity

Services are rendered and consumed during the same period of time. As soon as the service consumer has requested the service (delivery), the particular service must be generated from scratch without any delay and friction and the service consumer instantaneously consumes the rendered benefits for executing his upcoming activity or task.

5. Variability

Each service is unique. It is one-time generated, rendered and consumed and can never be exactly repeated as the point in time, location, circumstances, conditions, current configurations and/or assigned resources are different for the next delivery, even if the same service consumer requests the same service. Many services are regarded as heterogeneous or lacking homogeneity and are typically modified for each service consumer or each new situation (consumerised). Example: The taxi service which transports the service consumer from his home to the opera is different from the taxi service which transports the same service consumer from the opera to his home - another point in time, the other direction, maybe another route, probably another taxi driver and cab.

Each of these characteristics is retractable per se and their inevitable coincidence complicates the consistent service conception and make service delivery a challenge in each and every case. Proper service marketing requires creative visualization to effectively evoke a concrete image in the service consumer's mind. From the service consumer's point of view, these characteristics make it difficult, or even impossible, to evaluate or compare services prior to experiencing the service delivery.

There need be no trouble but I truly think we might not have a choice.  What I mean is The Great Spirit Chief in the White House has made it clear that he doesn’t believe in the founding of America or the founding fathers and his penned up hatred for the constitution is starting to show.

The Great Spirit Chief has granted the off the wall approval for illegal aliens to enter our lands because he knows that he doesn’t have enough Indians just yet to kill us all.

I’ve shaken hands with a many good friend that understand that any more misunderstandings from the Great Spirit Chief might result in trouble.

You most likely have many good friends that are about tired of talking and living in peace might be option two.

If you treat all men equal, let me tell you that trouble is on the way. 

Mass generation and delivery of services is very difficult. This can be seen as a problem of inconsistent service quality. Both inputs and outputs to the processes involved providing services are highly variable, as are the relationships between these processes, making it difficult to maintain consistent service quality. For many services there is labor intensity as services usually involve considerable human activity, rather than a precisely determined process; exceptions include utilities. Human resource management is important. The human factor is often the key success factor in service economies. It is difficult to achieve economies of scale or gain dominant market share. There are demand fluctuations and it can be difficult to forecast demand. Demand can vary by season, time of day, business cycle, etc. There is consumer involvement as most service provision requires a high degree of interaction between service consumer and service provider. There is a customer-based relationship based on creating long-term business relationships. Accountants, attorneys, and financial advisers maintain long-term relationships with their clientes for decades. These repeat consumers refer friends and family, helping to create a client-based relationship.

Consumption is a common concept in economics, and gives rise to derived concepts such as consumer debt. Generally consumption is defined by opposition to production. But the precise definition can vary because different schools of economists define production quite differently. According to some economists, only the final purchase of goods and services constitutes consumption, and every other commercial activity is some form of production. Other economists define consumption much more broadly, as the aggregate of all economic activity that does not entail the design, production and marketing of goods and services (e.g. "the selection, adoption, use, disposal and recycling of goods and services").

Taxes are known for being a potent tool in the adjustment of the economy. When it comes to consumer spending, the way tax policies are implemented to different consumer groups strongly determines the effect the tax will have. Consumers try to maintain a consistent flow in their spending and do not often like to undergo drastic changes in their spending habits. So unless the income of the consumer will be changed permanently, or for an extensive period of time, the consumer will tend to not change their spending levels or habits. Therefore, temporary tax changes rarely result in a large change in consumer spending. However, in lower income consumer groups this proves to not always be the case. If a household has a low income level, they are less able to readily borrow money. This means that they will tend to spend temporary cuts in taxes just as quickly as they would permanent ones.

Also, consumers tend to only alter their spending habits once tax changes have an effect on their personal take home income. This proves surprising because consumers understand that tax changes are being made, yet their expectations do not change their spending. Expectations are the feelings of the consumer when they believe that something affecting their fiscal well-being is about to happen, like a tax change. For instance, if the consumer believes, or expects, that they will soon lose their job, they will decrease their spending in order to compensate for the hard times they predict they will suffer in the future. Once the tax change proves to have a direct impact on the consumer’s income, changes in their spending occur, but not until that time

Consumer sentiments are the attitudes of households and entities toward the economy and the health of the fiscal markets, and they are a strong constituent of consumer spending. Sentiments have a powerful ability to cause fluctuations in the economy, because if the attitude of the consumer regarding the state of the economy is bad, then they will be reluctant to spend. Therefore sentiments prove to be a powerful predictor of the economy, because when people have faith in the economy or in what they believe will soon occur, they will spend and invest in confidence. However sentiments do not always affect the spending habits of some people as much as they do for others. For example, some households set their spending strictly off of their income, so that their income closely equals, or nearly equals their consumption (including savings). Others rely on their sentiments to dictate how they spend their income. So if their sentiments are high, then they tend to spend a little more, but if their sentiments are low they will cut back and perhaps spend less on unnecessary items. But when these optimistic, “forward-looking” people put their faith in good sentiments and increase their spending, the health of the economy increases and in turn so does the overall income level. This then impacts the more conservative consumers who spend within their means, as they now also benefit from a healthy economy and a higher income, and they increase their spending as well. Sentiments are extremely potent and are an important part of consumer spending

In times of economic trouble or uncertainty, the government often tries rectify the issue by distributing economic stimuli, often in the form of rebates or checks. 

However such techniques have failed in the past for several reasons. As was discussed earlier, temporary financial reprieve rarely succeeds because people do not often like rapidly shifting their spending habits. Also, people are many times intelligent enough to realize that economic stimulus packages are due to economic downturns, and therefore they are even more reluctant to spend them. Instead they put them into savings, which can potentially also help spur the economy. By putting money into savings, banks profit and are able to decrease the interest rates, which then encourage others to save as well and promote future spending. However, when stimulus plans do not promote consumer spending as the government intended, the government sometimes attempts to spend the money themselves, otherwise known as deficit spending. This would prove potentially effective if not for the fact that consumers often see what the government is trying to do and decrease their personal consumer spending even further with the understanding that they will have to pay for the deficit spending of the government in the future

Oil is an extremely valuable and vital resource to economies and societies everywhere. There is a very strong relationship between the increase in oil prices and real growth in the economy. 

When a society suffers a disturbance in energy supplies, there is potential for a shock to expensive consumption or investment goods that are heavily dependent on energy, like motor vehicles and machinery. 

If you put all the Indians on a small spot of land inside of America and paid all their bills for the next twenty years they would still scream their camps were worse off than the cowboys.

You see when the Indians break the law they just change the laws.  If the Great Spirit Chief sends his braves out to fight, you truly cannot fight back without some kind of penalty.  The Great Spirit Chief who rules from above the people plans to downgrade the cowboy camps even if a few CROWING Indians have to meet their maker.

The brutal, reckless, revengeful and fiendish cowboy doesn’t waste a lot of time on sentimental nonsense talking about giving the Indians free education, free doctor visits, free housing, reduce their energy costs because they’re too busy working the land, protecting their children and digging up the crops. 

This is because disruption in energy supplies creates uncertainty regarding availability and upcoming prices of these supplies. Often time consumers attempt to delay the purchase of such items until they have a better idea of what energy prices are going to look like after the subsiding of the disruption. Also, increases in the price of oil means a greater portion of the consumer’s income is required to purchase oil, and therefore less can be used in the purchase of other goods. Oil price changes, both increases and decreases, have an extremely potent effect on allocative channels. Allocative channels occur when entities must chose how to allocate their resources when it is very expensive to shift labor and capital between the sectors of their business affected by the change in oil prices

In the United States in 2007 luxury goods accounted for a $157 billion industry. In the period between 1979-2003, household income grew 1% for the bottom fifth of households, 9% for the middle fifth, and 49% for the top fifth with household income more than doubling (up 111%) for the top 1%[6]. 

If the above trend had been reversed, there wouldn’t be nearly as many extravagant luxury items on the market such as $1 million cars and $45 million private jets. Even in such a slowing economy, there is still a big market to get consumers to spend their money on luxury items. The luxury goods market is a continually growing industry with marketers always trying to get consumers to spend their money on luxury goods. Even in a slowing economy there is still a strong market for luxury goods. The luxury industry doesn’t seem to be going anywhere either. No matter what the economy does, as stated above, the luxury market will still be strong. Even from sources dating back to the 1960’s there is discussion of the broadening spectrum of luxury markets and why Americans place so much value in materialistic goods. This says a lot about our society and gives some strong evidence to the fact that our society is just getting more and more materialistic as time goes on. The concepts of how Americans handle money have stood the test of time serve as a valuable insight for how American consumer spending might progress through the years.

Production refers to the economic process of converting of inputs into outputs and is a field of study in microeconomics. Production uses resources to create a good or service that is suitable for exchange. This can include manufacturing, storing, shipping, and packaging. Some economists define production broadly as all economic activity other than consumption. They see every commercial activity other than the final purchase as some form of production.

Production is a process, and as such it occurs through time and space. Because it is a flow concept, production is measured as a “rate of output per period of time”. There are three aspects to production processes:

the quantity of the good or service produced,

the form of the good or service created,

the temporal and spatial distribution of the good or service produced.

As a free citizen cowboy of the United States of America you have certain rights that cannot be taken away.  The last Indian uprising was in the 60’s that’s when another Great Spirit Chief started taking from the cowboys and giving it to the Indians.  The theory is that the Indians had a rough time so us rascals owe them a lot.

Now lets talk a little about Indian affairs that have been adopted.  Indians come in different colors and that includes the hated white man cowboy.  In my story the Indians are a group of people that ride around and make a lot of noises and shoot their arrows at people while their working the field, building a business, washing the fire truck or just about any other free cowboy enterprise. Us merciless white cowboys have taken the land (paid cash) rounded up the wild animals and ate them while we built America from the savage beginning to what we are today. 

A production process can be defined as any activity that increases the similarity between the pattern of demand for goods and services, and the quantity, form, and distribution of these goods and services available to the market place.

Consumer debt is consumer credit which is outstanding. In macroeconomic terms, it is debt which is used to fund consumption rather than investment.

In recent years, an alternative analysis might view consumer debt as a way to increase domestic production, on the grounds that if credit is easily available, the increased demand for consumer goods should cause an increase of overall domestic production. The permanent income hypothesis suggests that consumers take debt to smooth consumption throughout their lives, borrowing to finance expenditures (particularly housing and schooling) earlier in their lives and paying down debt during higher-earning periods.

Both domestic and international economists have supported a recent upsurge in South Korean consumer debt, which has helped fuel economic expansion. On the other hand, credit card debt is almost unknown just across the sea in Japan and China, because of long-standing cultural taboos against personal debt, and because the economy is still underdeveloped, respectively. Theoretical underpinnings aside, personal debt is on the rise, particularly in the United States and the United Kingdom.

The most common form of consumer debt is credit card debt, payday loans, and other consumer finance, which are often at higher interest rates than long term secured loans, such as mortgages. The amount of debt outstanding versus the consumer's disposable income is expressed as the Consumer Leverage Ratio. The interest rate charged depends on a range of factors, including the economic climate, perceived ability of the customer to repay, competitive pressures from other lenders, and the inherent structure and security of the credit product. Rates generally range from 0.25 percent above base-rate, to well into double figures. Consumer debt is also associated with Predatory lending, although there is much debate as to what exactly constitutes predatory lending.

So don’t think red-skin Indian is just simply the red-man running around burning down villages and towns.  The Indian is any person that plans on butchering the U.S. Constitution, refuses to pay any federal taxes, riots in the streets wanting more welfare cowboy dollars and the list goes on and on.

You and me are the cowboys which have been found to be brutal, reckless, treacherous, revengeful and fiendishly cruel to the poor slaves because we killed more of them before they could kill more of us.  The most powerful Indian tribe in America is the Black American tribe that you grew up calling the Negro.  The black-man Indian inhabited the south as slaves first but know they want to be free.  I say want to be free because they really didn’t get the idea of freedom.  The black-man American slave Indian wants total freedom meaning free money, homes, and other stuff they still dream up daily. 

Long-term consumer debt is often considered fiscally suboptimal. While some consumer items may be useful investments that justify debt (such as automobiles, which are usually but not always exempted in discussions of consumer debt), most consumer goods are not. For example, incurring high-interest consumer debt through buying a big-screen television "now", rather than saving for it, can not usually be financially justified by the subjective benefits of having the television early. On the other hand, personal finance advisors like Robert Kiyosaki encourage a more liberal attitude towards taking on debt if it can be leveraged into a small business or real estate. This higher-risk, possibly high-outcome, "personal-finances-as-a-game" attitude runs counter to the traditional mores of rising slowly through the ranks of a company through discipline and hard work, but may have increasing validity in an age of globalization.

In many countries, the ease with which individuals can accumulate consumer debt beyond their means to repay has preciptated a growth industry in debt consolidation and credit counseling.

Political philosophy is the study of concepts such as liberty, justice, property, rights, law, and the enforcement of a legal code by authority: what they are, why (or even if) they are needed, what makes a government legitimate, what rights and freedoms it should protect and why, what form it should take and why, what the law is, and what duties citizens owe to a legitimate government, if any, and when it may be legitimately overthrown—if ever. In a vernacular sense, the term "political philosophy" often refers to a general view, or specific ethic, political belief or attitude, about politics that does not necessarily belong to the technical discipline of philosophy.[1] Political philosophy can also be understood by analysing it through the perspectives of metaphysics, epistemology and axiology thereby unearthing the ultimate reality side, the knowledge or methodical side and the value aspects of politics. Three central concerns of political philosophy have been the political economy by which property rights are defined and access to capital is regulated, the demands of justice in distribution and punishment, and the rules of truth and evidence that determine judgments in the law.

The black-man Indian animosities shall never end it seems because you still have property, cash and gold laying around the house.  The Great Spirit Chief is now a black-man Indian and he believes in this Ghost Dance Black-Man Indian thing that has been a continuous menace to the United States since the times of Lincoln, as in President Abraham Lincoln and even well before him.

The Great Spirit Chief is the false prophet  of the black-man Indian tribes within the United States and he will be entirely avoided in the future.  We’re going to vote him out and let him stir up trouble around the world using the United Nations.  In the mean time the Great Black-Man Indian Spirit Chief has vastly exceeded his authority within the constitution and U.S. citizenship is being traded away along with your property, the future of your children and even your pursuit of happiness. 

James Madison : American politician and political philosopher considered to be “Father of the Constitution” and “Father of the Bill of Rights” of the United States. As a political theorist, he believed in separation of powers and proposed a comprehensive set of checks and balances that are necessary to protect the rights of an individual from the tyranny of the majority.

John Adams: Enlightenment writer who defended the American cause for independence. Adams was a Lockean thinker, who was appalled by the French revolution. Adams is known for his outspoken commentary in favor of the American revolution. He defended the American form of republicanism over the French liberal democracy. Adams is considered the founder of American conservative thought.

Confucius : The first thinker to relate ethics to the political order.

Chanakya : Founder of an independent political thought in India, laid down rules and guidelines for social, law and political order in society.

Mozi : Eponymous founder of the Mohist school, advocated a strict utilitarianism.

Socrates/Plato: Named their practice of inquiry "philosophy", and thereby stand at the head of a prominent (often called "Western") tradition of systematic intellectual analysis. Set as a partial basis to that tradition the relation between knowledge on the one hand, and a just and good society on the other. Socrates is widely considered founder of Western political philosophy, via his spoken influence on Athenian contemporaries; since Socrates never wrote anything, much of what we know about him and his teachings comes through his most famous student, Plato.

Aristotle: Wrote his Politics as an extension of his Nicomachean Ethics. Notable for the theories that humans are social animals, and that the polis (Ancient Greek city state) existed to bring about the good life appropriate to such animals. His political theory is based upon an ethics of perfectionism (as is Marx's, on some readings).

Mencius : One of the most important thinkers in the Confucian school, he is the first theorist to make a coherent argument for an obligation of rulers to the ruled.

Han Feizi : The major figure of the Chinese Fajia (Legalist) school, advocated government that adhered to laws and a strict method of administration.

Thomas Aquinas : In synthesizing Christian theology and Peripatetic teaching, Aquinas contends that God's gift of higher reason, coupled with divine virtues and human law, provides the foundation for righteous government.

Niccolò Machiavelli: First systematic analyses of: (1) how consent of a populace is negotiated between and among rulers rather than simply a naturalistic (or theological) given of the structure of society; (2) precursor to the concept of ideology in articulating the epistemological structure of commands and law.

Thomas Hobbes: Generally considered to have first articulated how the concept of a social contract that justifies the actions of rulers (even where contrary to the individual desires of governed citizens), can be reconciled with a conception of sovereignty.

Baruch Spinoza: Set forth the first analysis of "rational egoism", in which the rational interest of self is conformance with pure reason. To Spinoza's thinking, in a society in which each individual is guided of reason, political authority would be superfluous.

John Locke: Like Hobbes, described a social contract theory based on citizens' fundamental rights in the state of nature. He departed from Hobbes in that, based on the assumption of a society in which moral values are independent of governmental authority and widely shared, he argued for a government with power limited to the protection of personal property. His arguments may have been deeply influential to the formation of the United States Constitution.

Baron de Montesquieu: Analyzed protection of the people by a "balance of powers" in the divisions of a state.

David Hume: Hume criticized the social contract theory of John Locke and others as resting on a myth of some actual agreement. Hume was a realist in recognizing the role of force to forge the existence of states and that consent of the governed was merely hypothetical. He also introduced the concept of utility, later picked up on and developed by Jeremy Bentham.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Analyzed the social contract as an expression of the general will, and controversially argued in favor of absolute democracy where the people at large would act as sovereign.

Immanuel Kant: Argued that participation in civil society is undertaken not for self-preservation, as per Thomas Hobbes, but as a moral duty. First modern thinker who fully analyzed structure and meaning of obligation. Argued that an international organization was needed to preserve world peace.

Adam Smith: Often said to have founded modern economics; explained emergence of economic benefits from the self-interested behavior ("the invisible hand") of artisans and traders. While praising its efficiency, Smith also expressed concern about the effects of industrial labor (e.g. repetitive activity) on workers. His work on moral sentiments sought to explain social bonds outside the economic sphere.

Edmund Burke: Irish member of the British parliament, Burke is credited with the creation of conservative thought. Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France is the most popular of his writings where he denounced the French revolution. Burke was one of the biggest supporters of the American Revolution.

John Adams: Enlightenment writer who defended the American cause for independence. Adams was a Lockean thinker, who was appalled by the French revolution. Adams is known for his outspoken commentary in favor of the American revolution. He defended the American form of republicanism over the French liberal democracy. Adams is considered the founder of American conservative thought.

James Madison : American politician and political philosopher considered to be “Father of the Constitution” and “Father of the Bill of Rights” of the United States. As a political theorist, he believed in separation of powers and proposed a comprehensive set of checks and balances that are necessary to protect the rights of an individual from the tyranny of the majority.

Thomas Paine: Enlightenment writer who defended liberal democracy, the American Revolution, and French Revolution in Common Sense and The Rights of Man.

Jeremy Bentham: The first thinker to analyze social justice in terms of maximization of aggregate individual benefits. Founded the philosophical/ethical school of thought known as utilitarianism.

John Stuart Mill: A utilitarian, and the person who named the system; he goes further than Bentham by laying the foundation for liberal democratic thought in general and modern, as opposed to classical, liberalism in particular. Articulated the place of individual liberty in an otherwise utilitarian framework.

Thomas Hill Green: modern liberal thinker and early supporter of positive freedom.

Karl Marx: In large part, added the historical dimension to an understanding of society, culture and economics. Created the concept of ideology in the sense of (true or false) beliefs that shape and control social actions. Analyzed the fundamental nature of class as a mechanism of governance and social interaction.

Giovanni Gentile: Known as the 'Philosopher of Fascism' and ghostwrote the Doctrine of Fascism with Benito Mussolini and argued that the Fascist State is an ethical and educational state and that the individual should put the interests of the State first.

John Dewey: Co-founder of pragmatism and analyzed the essential role of education in the maintenance of democratic government.

Antonio Gramsci: Instigated the concepts hegemony and social formation. Fused the ideas of Marx, Engels, Spinoza and others within the so-called dominant ideology thesis (the ruling ideas of society are the ideas of its rulers).

Herbert Marcuse: One of the principal thinkers within the Frankfurt School, and generally important in efforts to fuse the thought of Sigmund Freud and Karl Marx. Introduced the concept of repressive desublimation, in which social control can operate not only by direct control, but also by manipulation of desire. Analyzed the role of advertising and propaganda in societal consensus.

Friedrich Hayek: He argued that central planning was inefficient because members of central bodies could not know enough to match the preferences of consumers and workers with existing conditions. Hayek further argued that central economic planning - a mainstay of socialism - would lead to a "total' state with dangerous power. He advocated free-market capitalism in which the main role of the state is to maintain the rule of law.

Hannah Arendt: Analyzed the roots of totalitarianism and introduced the concept of the "banality of evil" (how ordinary technocratic rationality comes to deplorable fruition). Brought distinctive elements of and revisions to the philosophy of Martin Heidegger into political thought.

Hillary would continue her association and support of the Black Panther cause while working as a law clerk for Treuhaft.” Flaherty notes that Treuhaft told Herb Caen of the San Francisco Examiner, “That was the time we were representing the Black Panthers, and she worked on that case.”

A New York Times obituary of Treuhaft, who died in 2001, said that he had “accepted a young Yale lawyer named Hillary Rodham (now Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton) as an intern.” A British newspaper, the London Times, said that “generations of liberal lawyers were groomed under his [Treuhaft’s] tutelage, including a young Yale law student named Hillary Rodham.”

“Hillary has never repudiated her connection with the Communist movement in America or explained her relationship with two of its leading adherents

Hillary does write about some of her radical associates. She notes a meeting in 1969 with David Mixner of the Vietnam Moratorium Committee, an anti-Vietnam war protest group that came under investigation by the House Internal Security Subcommittee for its involvement with communists and backing from Hanoi. 

Georg Hegel: Emphasized history and continuity, influenced Marx and Oakeschott.

Isaiah Berlin: Developed the distinction between positive and negative liberty

Leo Strauss: Strauss is known for his writings on the classical and modern philosophers and for denouncing modern politics.

John Rawls: Revitalised the study of normative political philosophy in Anglo-American universities with his 1971 book A Theory of Justice, which uses a version of social contract theory to answer fundamental questions about justice and to criticise utilitarianism.

Robert Nozick: Criticized Rawls, and argued for libertarianism, by appeal to a hypothetical history of the state and the real history of property.

Michael Oakeshott: Provided a conservative philosophy anchored in history and Hegelianism.

William E. Connolly: Introduced post modern philosophy into political theory, and promoted new theories of pluralism and agonistic democracy.

The separation of powers, also known as trias politica, is a model for the governance of democratic states. The model was first developed in ancient Greece and came into widespread use by the Roman Republic as part of the uncodified Constitution of the Roman Republic. Under this model, the state is divided into branches or estates, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility. The normal division of estates is into an executive, a legislature, and a judiciary.

The opposite of separation of powers is the fusion of powers, often a feature of parliamentary democracies. In this form, the executive, which often consists of a president and cabinet ("government"), is drawn from the legislature (parliament). This is the principle of responsible government. Although the legislative and executive branches are connected in parliamentary systems, there is often an independent judiciary. Also, the government's role in the parliament does not give them unlimited legislative influence.

Checks and balances

To prevent one branch from becoming supreme, and to induce the branches to cooperate, governance systems that employ a separation of powers need a way to balance each of the branches. Typically this was accomplished through a system of "checks and balances", the origin of which, like separation of powers itself, is specifically credited to Montesquieu. Checks and balances allow for a system based regulation that allows one branch to limit another, such as the power of Congress to alter the composition and jurisdiction of the federal courts.

Legislative

 Executive

 Judicial

Also known as Congress.

Makes all laws.

Only Congress can declare martial law. Federal executive orders are not constitutional as they are executive, not legislative.

Controls all the money; taxes, borrows, and sets the budget (with exception of inappropriate spending by central bank).

Has sole power to declare war.

Oversees, investigates, and makes the rules for the government and its officers.

Confirms the heads of the executive branch.

Confirms federal judicial appointments, and defines by law the jurisdiction of the judicial branch in cases not specified by the Constitution.

Ratifies treaties.

Originates and tries cases of impeachment.

 Also known as the President.

Preserves, protects and defends the Constitution.

Faithfully executes the laws of the United States.

Executes the instructions of Congress.

May veto laws (but the veto may be overridden by Congress by a 2/3 majority) or refuse to execute them if s/he deems them unconstitutional.

Executes the spending authorized by Congress.

Executes the instructions of Congress when it declares war or makes rules for the military.

Declares states of emergency and publishes regulations and executive orders.

Creates treaties, and appoints judges and other executive heads, both with the advice and consent of the Senate. China's branches of government.

Has the power to grant pardons for crimes against the United States.

Has the power to put flags at half staff.

Is the commander in chief of the armed forces.

The phrase tyranny of the majority, used in discussing systems of democracy and majority rule, is a criticism of the scenario in which decisions made by a majority under that system would place that majority's interests so far above a dissenting individual's interest that the individual would be actively oppressed, just like the oppression by tyrants and despots

In jurisprudence, reparation is replenishment of a previously inflicted loss by the criminal to the victim. Monetary restitution is a common form of reparation. Reparation through community service is based on the collectivist notion of society as a singular entity that is capable of being victimized, or on the notion of the State as the victim of all crime.

In economics, redistribution is the transfer of income, wealth or property from some individuals to others. Most often it refers to progressive redistribution, from the rich to the poor, although it may also refer to regressive redistribution, from the poor to the rich. The desirability and effects of redistribution is actively debated on ethical and economic grounds.

Conservative and neoliberal arguments against property redistribution consider the term a euphemism for theft, and argue that redistribution of legitimately obtained property cannot ever be just. Public choice theory states that redistribution tends to benefit those with political clout to set spending priorities more than those in need, who lack real influence on government.

In the United States, some of the founding fathers and several subsequent leaders expressed opposition to redistribution of wealth. Samuel Adams stated: "The utopian schemes of leveling [redistribution of wealth], and a community of goods, are as visionary and impracticable as those which vest all property in the Crown. [These ideas] are arbitrary, despotic, and, in our government, unconstitutional."[8]

United States President Grover Cleveland vetoed an expenditure that would have provided $10,000 of federal aid to drought-stricken Texas farmers. When explaining to congress why such an appropriation of taxpayer money was inappropriate, he stated:

Ownership is the state or fact of exclusive rights and control over property, which may be an object, land/real estate or intellectual property. Ownership involves multiple rights, collectively referred to as title, which may be separated and held by different parties. The concept of ownership has existed for thousands of years and in all cultures. Over the millennia, however, and across cultures what is considered eligible to be property and how that property is regarded culturally is very different. Ownership is the basis for many other concepts that form the foundations of ancient and modern societies such as money, trade, debt, bankruptcy, the criminality of theft and private vs. public property. Ownership is the key building block in the development of the capitalist socio-economic system.

The process and mechanics of ownership are fairly complex since one can gain, transfer and lose ownership of property in a number of ways. To acquire property one can purchase it with money, trade it for other property, receive it as a gift, steal it, find it, make it or homestead it. One can transfer or lose ownership of property by selling it for money, exchanging it for other property, giving it as a gift, being robbed of it, misplacing it, or having it stripped from one's ownership through legal means such as eviction, foreclosure and seizure. Ownership is self-propagating in that the owner of any property will also own the economic benefits of that property.

Redistributive change is a legal theory of economic justice in the context of U.S. law that promotes the recognition of poverty as a classification, like race, ethnicity, gender, and religion, that should likewise draw extra scrutiny from the courts in matters pertaining to civil rights.[1]

The theory was discussed in academia in the wake of Goldberg v. Kelly, a 1970 U.S. Supreme Court case, which decided that due process, such as a notice and a fair hearing, were required when dealing with the deprivation of a government benefit (such as a medical license) or an entitlement (such as welfare payments).[1] However, attempts to promote redistributive change through the courts gained no traction, and the result of Goldberg v. Kelly was thus limited in scope.[1]

One of the goals, in light of Brown v. Board of Education, was to promote equality in school funding, but this was specifically rejected by the Supreme Court in San Antonio School District v. Rodriguez (1973) which ruled there was no inherent right to education in the United States.[2]

A discussion among two law professors and Illinois State Senator and law lecturer Barack Obama on the topic of civil rights aired on Chicago Public Radio's Odyssey program in 2001. Obama declared in the discussion that redistributive change needs to come through legislation, not the courts, and lamented that the civil rights movement failed to pursue political means to bring such a change about. As a result of Obama's candidacy in the 2008 U.S. Presidential election, the matter became a campaign issue during the final week of the election, fueling a charge made by his opponent, U.S. Senator John McCain, that Obama was a closet socialist.

Social justice is the application of the concept of justice on a social scale.

.The term "social justice" was coined by the Jesuit Luigi Taparelli in the 1840s. The idea was elaborated by the moral theologian John A. Ryan, who initiated the concept of a living wage. Father Coughlin used the term in his publications in the 1930s and 40s, and the concept was further expanded upon by John Rawls' writing in the 1990s. It is a part of Catholic social teaching and is one of the Four Pillars of the Green Party upheld by the worldwide green parties. Some tenets of social justice have been adopted by those on the left of the political spectrum.

Social justice is also a concept that some use to describe the movement towards a socially just world. In this context, social justice is based on the concepts of human rights and equality and involves a greater degree of economic egalitarianism through progressive taxation, income redistribution, or even property redistribution, policies aimed toward achieving that which developmental economists refer to as more equality of opportunity and equality of outcome than may currently exist in some societies or are available to some classes in a given society.

Poverty refers to the condition of not having the means to afford basic human needs such as clean water, nutrition, health care, clothing and shelter. This is also referred to as absolute poverty or destitution. Relative poverty is the condition of having fewer resources or less income than others within a society or country, or compared to worldwide averages.

Before the industrial revolution, poverty had mostly been the norm. Poverty reduction has historically been a result of economic growth as increased levels of production, such as modern industrial technology, made more wealth available for those who were otherwise too poor to afford them. Also, investments in modernizing agriculture and increasing yields is considered the core of the antipoverty effort, given three-quarters of the world's poor are rural farmers.

 Today, continued economic development is constrained by the lack of economic freedoms. Economic liberalization includes extending property rights, especially to land, to the poor, and making financial services, notably savings, accessible.

 Inefficient institutions, corruption and political instability can also discourage investment. Aid and government support in health, education and infrastructure helps growth by increasing human and physical capital

In American jurisprudence, a suspect classification is any classification of groups meeting a series of criteria suggesting they are likely the subject of discrimination. These classes receive closer scrutiny by courts when an Equal Protection claim alleging unconstitutional discrimination is asserted against a law.

Strict scrutiny is applied to regulations that affect groups that fall under a "suspect classification." The US Supreme Court has mentioned a variety of criteria that, in some combination, may qualify a group as a suspect classification, but the Court has not declared that any particular set of criteria are either necessary or sufficient to qualify.[1]

Some of the criteria that have been cited include:

The group has historically been discriminated against, and/or have been subject to prejudice, hostility, and/or stigma, perhaps due, at least in part, to stereotypes.[1]

The group is a "discrete" or "insular" minority.[2]

They possess an immutable[3] and/or highly visible trait.

They are powerles to protect themselves via the political process.

The Supreme Court has recognized national origin and religion, among others, as suspect classes; it therefore analyzes any statutes discriminating against these classes under strict scrutiny.[4]

Intermediate scrutiny is applied to groups that fall under a "quasi-suspect classification." Quasi-suspect class, with its intermediate scrutiny, is typically reserved for government sponsored discrimination on the basis of sex or legitimacy.

Rational basis scrutiny is applied to all other discriminatory statutes. Rational basis scrutiny covers all other discriminatory criteria—e.g., age, disability, political preference, political affiliation, or sexual orientation, except for California, Connecticut, and Iowa where sexual orientation is a suspect class

Culture of entitlement is an expression promulgated by conservatives and meant to encapsulate the social norm whereby a society comes to expect government entitlement programs to provide employment opportunities, health care, or in general access to things that have come to be perceived by the common public as basic human right.

I have a copy of the declassified FBI documents that tie the Clintons and many of their administration to a communist organization called the Institute For Policy Studies. In all there are more than 50 pages to this document file, so I'll do a summary. It may take a few notes: The Institute For Policy Studies was formed in 1963 by Peter Weiss and Cora Rubin, daughter of Samuel Rubin. The organization is funded by the Samuel Rubin Foundation.

Samuel Rubin was a member of the Comintern of the Communist Party, which was the inner circle of Lenin, and helped foment the Russian peasants into revolt in 1917. He left Russia at some point during the revolution, and came to the U.S., where he made a fortune using the name, "Faberge", for his cosmetic company.

The Faberge family, who were "White Russian" (non-communist), and who also fled Russia, sued Rubin for using their name for a company whose profits supported the spread of communism, and won a settlement. Rubin was assisted in his financial endeavors by billionaire Armand Hammer. Hammer has long been suspected of being a member of the Communist Party. After the downfall of the USSR, the KGB files were opened and Hammer's membership in the Communist Party was proven. The Soviet publication, Izvestia, confirms that Armand Hammer was a Soviet agent, who personally carried the money from Lenin to the United States to establish the Communist Party USA.

Back to the Institute For Policy Studies (IPS). The FBI has compiled 2705 pages of documents on this organization, 1743 of which are available to the public through the Freedom of Information Act. The FBI has withheld 962 pages of documents, and one of the reasons given is, "specifically authorized by an Executive (Presidential) Order to be kept secret in the interest of national defense." Another reason for withholding the 962 documents was given as follows.... "Records or information were compiled for law enforcement purposes and could reasonably be expected to disclose the identity of a confidential source."

"The IPS is described as a Washinton-based "Think Factory", which helped train extremist who incite violence in the United States and whose educational research serves as a cover for intrigue and political agitation" (FBI file 175-398). Another description given is that the "IPS apparently exercises considerable influence in the New Left Movement and may have as its goal the destruction of the United States Government/" Mainstream media, usually very liberal, has described the IPS as follows: Wall Street Journal... "A funnel for disinformation", Forbes.... "A radical Washington propaganda mill", National Review... "The perfect intellectual front for Soviet activities which would be resisted if they were to originate openly from the KGB."

DEREK SHEARER, a member of IPS, has been described as one of Bill Clinton's closest friends. Roger Altman (former Sec. of Treasury) stated, "Derek is a very old and close friend of Bill Clinton's, and among the advisors he is probably the oldest and closest friend." George Stephanopolis describes Shearer as both "a friend and advisor". Derek Shearer is the step-brother of Strobe Talbott, who was the former editor of TIME magazine, and Bill Clinton's roommate at Oxford. Derek's sister, Brooke Shearer, is a very close friend of Hillary Clinton, and is her frequent travelling companion. Prior to the 1992 election, Clinton appointed Shearer as his top economic advisor (Wall Street Journal - Sept. 11, 1992).

The expression is often used to criticize perceived abuses or expansion of entitlement programs as a result of the general expectation of government intervention in protecting access to basic services. Critics of a culture of entitlement often believe that the free market in general, or the rewards of personal responsibility, is the most responsible approach to correcting these inequities. The connotation of the phrase often implies that the recipients of government entitlements are individuals that do not deserve to receive such benefits or entitlements. The expression may be contrasted with a "culture of merit", where individuals are rewarded due to ability or achievement (cf. meritocracy). Advocates of a culture of merit state that the free market and individual responsibility for themselves and their community provide a culture of ownership whereby individuals take full responsibility of themselves, their family, and their community. In a culture of ownership, it is believed that there is a stronger relationship between cause and effect, between risk and reward, and between investment and return on investment.

In 1980, Shearer wrote a book titled, "Economic Democracy: The Challenge of the 1980's", in which he explained, "Socialism has a bad name in America and no amount of wishful thinking is going to change that... the words, economic democracy are an adequate replacement." Shearer proposed the economic dismantling of American's free enterprise system and that all businesses be controlled by government socialist planners. Shearer states that his 'economic democracy' is fashioned in part according to the teachings of Antonio Gramsci, founder of the Italian Communist Party, and one of this century's foremost Marxist theoreticians (from Shearer's book). In the 1970's Derek Shearer created and ran the platform of Tom Hayden in Santa Monica, California. The platform was called the Campaign for Economic Democracy. Shearer's wife was elected mayor of Santa Monica, and she appointed Derek and fellow activists to the City Commission. Shearer's anti-business edicts crippled Santa Monica's economy and earned that city the nickname of the "Peoples Republic of Santa Monica." Shearer has spoken of a plan to elect a socialist minded President who would help advance his Economic Democracy program (National Review, Sept. 14, 1992).

STROBE TALBOTT, as mentioned above, is the step-brother of Derek Shearer, and formerly an editor of TIME magazine, and earlier a roommate of Bill Clinton's at Oxford. Talbott is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). Since it's founding in 1921, the CFR has been dedicated to forming a socialist world government under the auspices of the U.N. Other members of the CFR, include IPS co-founder, Richard Barnet, and Cora Rubin (dau. of Samuel Rubin), Bill Clinton, Al Gore, and most of Clinton's cabinet.

LEON PANETTA, LES ASPIN, and ANTHONY LAKE are all members of the IPS, with Anthony Lake serving in the capacity of instructor at the Washington-based school. All three are CFR members as well.

MORTON HALPRIN, a member of IPS, was considered (but rejected) as Assistant Secretary of Defense under Aspin. Halprin has been one of the foremost supporters of turning U.S. troops over to the U.N. command. Halprin was a friend and assistant of Frank Donner, a member of the Communist Party USA, who advocated the dissolution of all U.S. intelligence agencies.

EDWARD F. FEIGHAN (D-Ohio, retired) was Bill Clinton's campaign Communications Director. Feighan has worked closely with both the IPS and the North American Congress on Latin America (NACLA), which was co- founded by John Gerassi and Michael Locker of Castro's Venceremos Brigade (FBI File SF 100-66966 AIRTEL & FBI file NYFO #105-86160). NACLA received major funding from IPS, and has become a direct support group for Marxist insurgencies worldwide.

JOHNETTA COLE is closely associated with IPS and other anti-American groups. Cole was in a leadership role in the Pro-Castro Vencenemos Brigade, which was controlled by the Communist Party USA in conjunction with Havana. She was a founding sponsor of the U.S. Peace Council, a Communist Party USA front organization.

HILLARY CLINTON first had contact with the IPS while at Yale. She served on the board of editors of the quarterly, Yale Review of Law and Social Action. The Spring 1970 issue featured and article by IPS director Robert Borosage. While serving as Director and Chair of the Board of the New World Foundation in 1987/1988 Hillary Clinton gave money to several far left groups including IPS.

In addition, Hillary Clinton gave money to pro-communist groups, who were closely associated with IPS.

Hillary gave $5000.00 to the Committee in Support of the People of El Salvador (CISPES - a supporter of Marxist Salvadoran guerillas), and which has been classified as a communist front organization.

Hillary gave $15,000.00 to the National Lawyers Guild, an official adjunct of the Communist Party USA.

Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 3123 on National Lawyers Guild - 1950: "NLG is the foremost legal bulwark of the Communist Party (and) it's front organizations (which) since its inception has never failed to rally to the legal defense of the Communist Party and individual members thereof, including known espionage agents." IPS Chairman, Peter Weiss, served on the Board of Trustees of the National Lawyers Guild.

The Congressional Progressive Caucus (CPC) consists of 83 members and is the largest caucus within the Democratic Caucus.  Established in 1991, the CPC reflects the diversity and strength of the American people and seeks to give voice to the needs and aspirations of all Americans and to build a more just and humane society. The Co-Chairs of the CPC--U.S. Representatives Raúl M. Grijalva (AZ-07) and Lynn Woolsey (CA-06)—welcome your interest in the caucus.  Our Caucus members promote a strong, progressive agenda, what we call “The Progressive Promise--Fairness for All”.  The Progressive Promise is rooted in four core principles that embody national priorities and are consistent with the values, needs and aspirations of all the American people, not just the powerful and the privileged.  They reflect a fundamental belief in government of the people, by the people, and for the people. The four, core principles of the Progressive Promise: 1. Fighting for economic justice and security for all; 2. Protecting and preserving our civil rights and civil liberties 3. Promoting global peace and security; and 4. Advancing environmental protection and energy independence The CPC is committed to helping progressives, both inside and outside of Congress, to work together more effectively, in order to bring all of us closer to making good on The Progressive Promise

.
The Congressional Progressive Caucus (CPC) is the largest caucus within the Democratic caucus in the United States Congress with 83 declared members, and works to advance progressive issues and positions.

The CPC's founding statement of purpose states that it was "organized around the principles of social and economic justice, a non-discriminatory society, and national priorities which represent the interests of all people, not just the wealthy and powerful".

The founding members underscored that the Cold War was over, and that the nation's budget and overall priorities should reflect that.

 They called for cuts in outdated and unnecessary military spending, a more progressive tax system in which wealthy taxpayers and corporations contribute their fair share, a substantial increase in federal funding for social programs designed to meet the needs of low and middle-income American families, and trade policies that increase the exports of more American products and encourage the creation of well-paying jobs and sound investment in America.

They also expressed their belief that those policy goals could be achieved in concert with a commitment to long-term fiscal responsibility.